The Implicit Place of Councils in Tertullian’s Theology

Abstract

Tertullian twice mentions church councils. In this paper, I contextualise these passages by exploring how his theology motivates a belief in the value of councils. I argue that for Tertullian, the doctrine of apostolic authority mandates gathering representatives of all apostolic churches. I argue that his pneumatology implies that gatherings of Paraclete-led believers could be more authoritative than individual bishops. I analyse his concept of the regula fidei and demonstrate that it supports theological discussion between believers in the apostolic faith. Finally, I offer evidence that his ecclesiology requires individual churches to express unity, since apostolicity is the essence of the Church and the common inheritance of all apostolic churches.